Peru is a city in Chautauqua County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 101. Peru was founded i…Peru is a city in Chautauqua County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 101. Peru was founded in 1870. It was named by E. R. Cutler, president of the town company, for his hometown of Peru, Illinois.